![[RV prac/history/rwanda/_resources/Pasted image 20240928202753.png]]

First Republic 1963-73 (Kayibanda)

Groups of power: - Hutu - Hardliners, moderate, army - Tusti (RPF) - 2,500 UN diplomats and peace keepers

1960s ==Inyenzi==(Tusti) attacked ==Kayibanda’s regime==(Hutu). 1963 Hutu massacres against Tusti (Different data of deaths)

-> revenge cycle in short term cause: [[RV prac/history/rwanda/themes/cause of genocide(civil war)|cause of genocide(civil war)]]

Second Republic 1973-90 (Habyarimana)

1973 purge of Tusti in staff and students in universities

Habyarimana aimed to keep his power in PARAMEHUTU, developed the only permitted party ==MRND==(National Revolutionary Movement for Development) in 1974.

One party only -> link to [[RV prac/history/rwanda/themes/Haby policy to civil war|Haby policy to civil war]]

Habyarimana knew the importance of education and spent a large percentage of the national budget on education. The education encouraged discrimination against Tusti. -> reinforced division -> link to [[RV prac/history/rwanda/themes/Haby policy to civil war|Haby policy to civil war]]

Economy and society

Population rapid growth(p37), land pressure, unsustainable agriculture contribute to 1994 genocide.

These ‘uncertainty’ helped brew the populism in 1959-63 and 1973, and RPF to return to Rwanda.

-> link [[RV prac/history/rwanda/themes/cause of genocide(civil war)|cause of genocide(civil war)]]